АННОТАЦИЯ
People and other animals differ in their intellectual abilities as measured by various intelligence tests and tasks. Although correlations between brain functional activity profile and intelligence are not always found (Kruschwitz et al., 2018; Pamplona et al., 2015), intelligence research depicts many individual functional differences in the brain related to higher ability to solve intellectual problems. A successful neuronal scenario of intellectual problem solving includes the following aspects. First, to be able to demonstrate intellectual ability, the brain should contain suitable functional neuronal groups related to a particular task. The second important thing is that activity of those neuronal groups should possess several characteristics: high frequency, high functional connectivity and fast ability to switch between related neuronal groups. These characteristics should be prominent not only during performance of an intellectual task, but also during resting state demonstrating continuous “mind work” on the problem. Although functional neuroimaging studies of intelligence is at an early stage, it already shows that there is no a single neuronal network related to the general intellectual ability. We see though that “general intelligence” networks must include neurons from the frontal and posterior areas of the cortex. Another important issue deals with the fact that many cognitive functions (intelligence, working memory, attention, and so on) are not distinct and are not controlled by different neuronal networks. Neuronal networks are rather related not to cognitive functions, but to the content of experience (i.e., they are experience-specific). The ability to actualize the experience-specific content in the experience-specific context is related to crystallized intelligence. Fluid intelligence is associated with the ability to actualize a variety of experience-specific neuronal groups in a variety of contexts. In this sense, general intelligence and multiple intelligence hypotheses are complementary to each other. Recent reviews clearly show that intelligence studies are mostly focused on brain regions and their functional connections. However, the emergence of cellular neuroscience of intelligence devoted to studies of specific populations of brain cells, expression of genes related to intelligence and neural networks associated with intelligence (Goriounova and Mansvelder, 2019) will bring new perspectives. Understanding the cellular nature of intellectual abilities will ultimately lead to the possibility of their enhancement.
ЦИТАТА
Svarnik, O.E. Functional brain correlates of intelligence / O.E. Svarnik // The Sage Handbook of Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience. Cognitive Systems, Development and Applications. – London, – 2023. – P. 548-560
